Subtle momentary effects of social media experiences: an
experience sampling study of posting and social
comparisons on connectedness and self-esteem

Subtle momentary effects of social media experiences: an
experience sampling study of posting and social
comparisons on connectedness and self-esteem

social media, self-esteem, social comparison, connectedness, posting.

Part of the current mental health crisis is attributed to the increasing reliance on social media for daily tasks. By understanding behavioral or
cognitive patterns that influence facets of well-being in real-time within individuals, we can empower individuals to intentionally adjust their
behavior, thereby enhancing these aspects. This study utilized an experience sampling method to investigate the real-time effects of social
media-induced social comparisons and posting on self-esteem and connectedness. Six times per day for 5 days, 74 adults reported on their
social media use in the previous hour and their experiences of connectedness and self-esteem. Multilevel modeling demonstrated statistically
significant within-person associations. Social media-induced upward comparison was related to momentary decreases in self-esteem, and

moments when individuals posted on social media were related to higher levels of connectedness. The findings emphasize that specific experi-
ences on social media may produce immediate effects for connectedness and self-esteem.

Malinda Desjarlais1,�

https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmae004

Oxford University Press on behalf of International Communication Association.

May 10, 2024

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