Tactical leaders’ and collaborative organizations’ non-technical skills
during major road tunnel incidents – An iterative focus group study

Dublin Core

Title

Tactical leaders’ and collaborative organizations’ non-technical skills
during major road tunnel incidents – An iterative focus group study

Subject

Tunnel incident
Incident response
Major incident
Emergency medical service
Rescue service
Police
Emergency medical dispatch
Traffic control center
Collaboration

Description

Introduction: Leadership during major incidents has been described as challenging and dependent on the nontechnical skills of leaders. The complex tunnel environment contributes to an even more challenging incident
response. Hence, this study aims to identify elements of non-technical skills when leading collaborative roadtunnel incident responses.
Methods: The study was conducted using four focus group discussions with tactical leaders from the rescue
services, emergency medical services, police, and collaborative organizations from the emergency dispatch
center and road-traffic control center. The data was analyzed using a non-technical skills taxonomy.
Results: Twelve non-technical skill elements emerged. Abilities to gather, sort, and proactively share relevant
information and dispatch the correct resources were described. Additionally, abilities to prioritize actions and
cooperate to establish a shared operational picture were found. Abilities to adjust leadership to the tunnel
environment and conditions and assess the severity of the incident to make decisions were also described.
Conclusion: When managing a road-tunnel incident response, tactical leaders utilizes a range of non-technical
skills. The elements of these skills were found to be specific both to the tunnel environment and the collaborative nature of the response. Further studies into and development of these skills are needed to facilitate a timely
response and minimize potential risks to personnel or evacuees in future tunnel incident responses

Creator

Sofia Karlsson a,*
, Lina Gyllencreutz a,b
, Johan Hylander a
, Annika Eklund c

Source

https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/276922/1-s2.0-S1755599X23X00068/1-s2.0-S1755599X23000964/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEJr%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIFY%2BDBN1fP%2F5yRWMenwjq1kWNtX8ac1%2BV3m8xLyaUluaAiBUOun9wHCJpw6CM9Odz1choXGWlkiTH2Gj%2BeizAgnFXyq8BQiC%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAUaDDA1OTAwMzU0Njg2NSIMOH8sDYDfH9LGRLp4KpAFF1emE3Fq6Gy0tv0t1FvscDEwoZ%2FJgESQekhwR88V%2Ba%2B7T7%2BipN%2FFNJHCtm1UFID89EKWZ6nIF5K8huOdDLziWBM6xT%2FqPK21r9uQOqKs6Z6q3HQChVtlrhFeGNb0YQxu3yCiHFWvnjJhdpIGooZX5yK1I0luc%2BKNP2FopcLMGhNdVIvwelH2ewvSv04HSYZUtl9m4CBJkUqecErXNSOzBb8c6wIh0H7D%2FPCNbYDm4D%2Bk3HAD4bMebtTRBuKPU0oTOVSs%2BS%2Bs2agJ4yCedjfu8Dma5mUWCZqzCKw8Bp20LSu07t9V5JoEqWHpw2gmsmMZcnotcme23eXbONFBW%2BZrE969xkZl3FiUXB4DYIzg%2Fomztua8eoTnawsg3KBbNLW7WsHmYU0u%2B7gpR98YR2hJffVk5sk%2Fu6ifcm3QmQSNwh%2Bebrx67KR%2B1I5eitW4wBNDJtM6u5XB1If9%2BuVwxBZNoPaxe6VNbRas2ujZs7Hkp47CQXiQUEFdqUEtifof3RAVF%2FI5vre0pY9lj4%2B89CkgSMx5fqm%2BurSU1nWLcS%2BBLOPBMiZ89Y5yp17mmF26wcXSvror8oBQil56eqyy2o1UCg7tNt39wiN5zLGQIhCYe6noGY9HsUYgpWnYoI9B0ZwIrpv5%2BPh9%2Bf%2BLSoHH7qwsE1Oh7AqAn1EIhx4T0zpdRTInnIIX%2BqcQTDLFhwh9ZzO0YqgWSNnCynb5TGxD9OjApreRFlNJB%2FXjF3LdNMZWMv3ELoN21RSQ%2B42gm8isW5zbvzZTqVCkdAmR7fPhwhkSEwR%2BDB70UooLdvOrW6c7niZy2Ij01nbd4R7cvcgWTU0wuoJbNkl7Oq7at1hXprmehlufpO68%2FTSMSGwUl4Jc4gww%2F6TIwgY6sgHT%2BOXRb9YQG2hvkIBIiQrILFkW8emOgNevPqrMfVsLMY%2F4JrrzRgXkJuKNER5PirzgfnqL5yY3GllNBzsnw%2B26xskXJff%2FhLM%2FmhyKvZAh%2F%2BjRldW%2BzDZveruRm5sGIS3tfwiu1hyv3h6ELmnzvJTOoY3roHgpk0VBgXmQRki02lDF1u0xKZVRcL6mPlwBt09hxxb1fYdU6qvBIC%2BRtmGT8JsWPUWdqSApq86RaAzUMuKz&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20250618T022907Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=299&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTYY6F5ONEK%2F20250618%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=585667da3eb424acc2a5010905a1e1a66ab37fd71c697bb4a2210993443c76ee&hash=f638e25950a7176ef5fcbef3a8fb109fb888ae12ceb457814c657c90059f4899&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S1755599X23000964&tid=spdf-350408b8-4e42-40fd-8496-ecc27073c8c0&sid=14b8a1eb7498d34787591540b87a02ee8336gxrqb&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&rh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&ua=13025d5355575206555150&rr=95175b713a1b0557&cc=id

Publisher

a Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden b Department of Nursing, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden c Department of Social and Behavioural studies, Division of Psychology, Pedagogy and Sociology, University West, 461 86 Trollhattan, ¨ Sweden

Date

24 agustus 2023

Contributor

Fajar bagus W

Format

PDF

Language

English

Type

Text

Files

Citation

Sofia Karlsson a,* , Lina Gyllencreutz a,b , Johan Hylander a , Annika Eklund c , “Tactical leaders’ and collaborative organizations’ non-technical skills
during major road tunnel incidents – An iterative focus group study,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed July 11, 2025, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/9534.