Tactical leaders’ and collaborative organizations’ non-technical skills
during major road tunnel incidents – An iterative focus group study
Dublin Core
Title
Tactical leaders’ and collaborative organizations’ non-technical skills
during major road tunnel incidents – An iterative focus group study
during major road tunnel incidents – An iterative focus group study
Subject
Tunnel incident
Incident response
Major incident
Emergency medical service
Rescue service
Police
Emergency medical dispatch
Traffic control center
Collaboration
Incident response
Major incident
Emergency medical service
Rescue service
Police
Emergency medical dispatch
Traffic control center
Collaboration
Description
Introduction: Leadership during major incidents has been described as challenging and dependent on the nontechnical skills of leaders. The complex tunnel environment contributes to an even more challenging incident
response. Hence, this study aims to identify elements of non-technical skills when leading collaborative roadtunnel incident responses.
Methods: The study was conducted using four focus group discussions with tactical leaders from the rescue
services, emergency medical services, police, and collaborative organizations from the emergency dispatch
center and road-traffic control center. The data was analyzed using a non-technical skills taxonomy.
Results: Twelve non-technical skill elements emerged. Abilities to gather, sort, and proactively share relevant
information and dispatch the correct resources were described. Additionally, abilities to prioritize actions and
cooperate to establish a shared operational picture were found. Abilities to adjust leadership to the tunnel
environment and conditions and assess the severity of the incident to make decisions were also described.
Conclusion: When managing a road-tunnel incident response, tactical leaders utilizes a range of non-technical
skills. The elements of these skills were found to be specific both to the tunnel environment and the collaborative nature of the response. Further studies into and development of these skills are needed to facilitate a timely
response and minimize potential risks to personnel or evacuees in future tunnel incident responses
response. Hence, this study aims to identify elements of non-technical skills when leading collaborative roadtunnel incident responses.
Methods: The study was conducted using four focus group discussions with tactical leaders from the rescue
services, emergency medical services, police, and collaborative organizations from the emergency dispatch
center and road-traffic control center. The data was analyzed using a non-technical skills taxonomy.
Results: Twelve non-technical skill elements emerged. Abilities to gather, sort, and proactively share relevant
information and dispatch the correct resources were described. Additionally, abilities to prioritize actions and
cooperate to establish a shared operational picture were found. Abilities to adjust leadership to the tunnel
environment and conditions and assess the severity of the incident to make decisions were also described.
Conclusion: When managing a road-tunnel incident response, tactical leaders utilizes a range of non-technical
skills. The elements of these skills were found to be specific both to the tunnel environment and the collaborative nature of the response. Further studies into and development of these skills are needed to facilitate a timely
response and minimize potential risks to personnel or evacuees in future tunnel incident responses
Creator
Sofia Karlsson a,*
, Lina Gyllencreutz a,b
, Johan Hylander a
, Annika Eklund c
, Lina Gyllencreutz a,b
, Johan Hylander a
, Annika Eklund c
Source
https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/276922/1-s2.0-S1755599X23X00068/1-s2.0-S1755599X23000964/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEJr%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIFY%2BDBN1fP%2F5yRWMenwjq1kWNtX8ac1%2BV3m8xLyaUluaAiBUOun9wHCJpw6CM9Odz1choXGWlkiTH2Gj%2BeizAgnFXyq8BQiC%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAUaDDA1OTAwMzU0Njg2NSIMOH8sDYDfH9LGRLp4KpAFF1emE3Fq6Gy0tv0t1FvscDEwoZ%2FJgESQekhwR88V%2Ba%2B7T7%2BipN%2FFNJHCtm1UFID89EKWZ6nIF5K8huOdDLziWBM6xT%2FqPK21r9uQOqKs6Z6q3HQChVtlrhFeGNb0YQxu3yCiHFWvnjJhdpIGooZX5yK1I0luc%2BKNP2FopcLMGhNdVIvwelH2ewvSv04HSYZUtl9m4CBJkUqecErXNSOzBb8c6wIh0H7D%2FPCNbYDm4D%2Bk3HAD4bMebtTRBuKPU0oTOVSs%2BS%2Bs2agJ4yCedjfu8Dma5mUWCZqzCKw8Bp20LSu07t9V5JoEqWHpw2gmsmMZcnotcme23eXbONFBW%2BZrE969xkZl3FiUXB4DYIzg%2Fomztua8eoTnawsg3KBbNLW7WsHmYU0u%2B7gpR98YR2hJffVk5sk%2Fu6ifcm3QmQSNwh%2Bebrx67KR%2B1I5eitW4wBNDJtM6u5XB1If9%2BuVwxBZNoPaxe6VNbRas2ujZs7Hkp47CQXiQUEFdqUEtifof3RAVF%2FI5vre0pY9lj4%2B89CkgSMx5fqm%2BurSU1nWLcS%2BBLOPBMiZ89Y5yp17mmF26wcXSvror8oBQil56eqyy2o1UCg7tNt39wiN5zLGQIhCYe6noGY9HsUYgpWnYoI9B0ZwIrpv5%2BPh9%2Bf%2BLSoHH7qwsE1Oh7AqAn1EIhx4T0zpdRTInnIIX%2BqcQTDLFhwh9ZzO0YqgWSNnCynb5TGxD9OjApreRFlNJB%2FXjF3LdNMZWMv3ELoN21RSQ%2B42gm8isW5zbvzZTqVCkdAmR7fPhwhkSEwR%2BDB70UooLdvOrW6c7niZy2Ij01nbd4R7cvcgWTU0wuoJbNkl7Oq7at1hXprmehlufpO68%2FTSMSGwUl4Jc4gww%2F6TIwgY6sgHT%2BOXRb9YQG2hvkIBIiQrILFkW8emOgNevPqrMfVsLMY%2F4JrrzRgXkJuKNER5PirzgfnqL5yY3GllNBzsnw%2B26xskXJff%2FhLM%2FmhyKvZAh%2F%2BjRldW%2BzDZveruRm5sGIS3tfwiu1hyv3h6ELmnzvJTOoY3roHgpk0VBgXmQRki02lDF1u0xKZVRcL6mPlwBt09hxxb1fYdU6qvBIC%2BRtmGT8JsWPUWdqSApq86RaAzUMuKz&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20250618T022907Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=299&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTYY6F5ONEK%2F20250618%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=585667da3eb424acc2a5010905a1e1a66ab37fd71c697bb4a2210993443c76ee&hash=f638e25950a7176ef5fcbef3a8fb109fb888ae12ceb457814c657c90059f4899&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S1755599X23000964&tid=spdf-350408b8-4e42-40fd-8496-ecc27073c8c0&sid=14b8a1eb7498d34787591540b87a02ee8336gxrqb&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&rh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&ua=13025d5355575206555150&rr=95175b713a1b0557&cc=id
Publisher
a Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden b Department of Nursing, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden c Department of Social and Behavioural studies, Division of Psychology, Pedagogy and Sociology, University West, 461 86 Trollhattan, ¨ Sweden
Date
24 agustus 2023
Contributor
Fajar bagus W
Format
PDF
Language
English
Type
Text
Files
Citation
Sofia Karlsson a,*
, Lina Gyllencreutz a,b
, Johan Hylander a
, Annika Eklund c , “Tactical leaders’ and collaborative organizations’ non-technical skills
during major road tunnel incidents – An iterative focus group study,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed July 17, 2025, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/9534.
during major road tunnel incidents – An iterative focus group study,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed July 17, 2025, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/9534.