The relationship between acute pain and other types of suffering in
pre-hospital trauma victims: An observational study
Dublin Core
Title
The relationship between acute pain and other types of suffering in
pre-hospital trauma victims: An observational study
pre-hospital trauma victims: An observational study
Subject
Trauma
Acute Pain
Prehospital Care
Psychological Distress
Accidental hypothermia, Patient comfort
Immobilization
Acute Pain
Prehospital Care
Psychological Distress
Accidental hypothermia, Patient comfort
Immobilization
Description
Background: Acute pain is an important complaint reported by trauma victims, however, the relationship between
it and other types of discomfort, such as discomfort caused by cold, discomfort caused by immobilization, and
psychological distress such as fear, anxiety, and sadness is limitedly studied and documented.
Aim: To assess the relationship between acute trauma pain and other types of suffering in pre-hospital trauma
victims.
Methods: This is a prospective multicentre cohort study conducted in Immediate Life Support Ambulances in
Portugal. All adult trauma victims with a mechanism of blunt and penetrating injuries, falls, road accidents and
explosions, were included.
Results: 605 trauma victims were included, mainly male, with a mean age of 53.4 years. Before the intervention
of the rescue teams, 90.5 % of the victims reported some level of pain, 39.0 % reported discomfort caused by
cold, while 15.7 % felt fear, 8.4 % sadness, 49.8 % anxiety and 4.5 % apathy. Victims with high discomfort
caused by cold tend to have higher pain levels. Significantly higher pain intensity were observed in victims with
fear and anxiety. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicates that immobilization is associated with increased
pain levels.
Conclusions: There is a statistically significant relationship between acute trauma pain, anxiety, fear, cold and
immobilization.
it and other types of discomfort, such as discomfort caused by cold, discomfort caused by immobilization, and
psychological distress such as fear, anxiety, and sadness is limitedly studied and documented.
Aim: To assess the relationship between acute trauma pain and other types of suffering in pre-hospital trauma
victims.
Methods: This is a prospective multicentre cohort study conducted in Immediate Life Support Ambulances in
Portugal. All adult trauma victims with a mechanism of blunt and penetrating injuries, falls, road accidents and
explosions, were included.
Results: 605 trauma victims were included, mainly male, with a mean age of 53.4 years. Before the intervention
of the rescue teams, 90.5 % of the victims reported some level of pain, 39.0 % reported discomfort caused by
cold, while 15.7 % felt fear, 8.4 % sadness, 49.8 % anxiety and 4.5 % apathy. Victims with high discomfort
caused by cold tend to have higher pain levels. Significantly higher pain intensity were observed in victims with
fear and anxiety. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicates that immobilization is associated with increased
pain levels.
Conclusions: There is a statistically significant relationship between acute trauma pain, anxiety, fear, cold and
immobilization.
Creator
Mauro Mota a,b,c,d,e,*
, Filipe Melo f,g
, Carla Henriques h,i,j
, Ana Matos h,i,j
,
Miguel Castelo-Branco e,k,l,m, Mariana Monteiro n
, Madalena Cunha b,c,e
,
Margarida Reis Santos d,f,o
, Filipe Melo f,g
, Carla Henriques h,i,j
, Ana Matos h,i,j
,
Miguel Castelo-Branco e,k,l,m, Mariana Monteiro n
, Madalena Cunha b,c,e
,
Margarida Reis Santos d,f,o
Source
https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/276922/1-s2.0-S1755599X23X00068/1-s2.0-S1755599X23001143/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEJr%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIETIJPIcxenMR0DUOAyWkpU8HyYAZJ02D32%2F2HmNUYd8AiEApP%2BTvmHPTnE1ETwAhRCc90JFcHHmtBgSr8C7ocKbQJIqvAUIg%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARAFGgwwNTkwMDM1NDY4NjUiDDj4czSzpMQD2DYzQSqQBX7fdH4YGEqmijtGDgwYqv43P3lz4Dm7mUSshycDR3nW%2FsVhnc0ylNISisKd1XVCAjvGB6G70DYksVZoxYEDSHIPlGbksY07O7wvjpdsKmlqVwxJM06Fv%2FfXh0ZtUgn55DkqfFM5AfV3etLdc0oe4ni3JIfVXfRruzbKaRJw%2FDyfQzBIibs23da02KuiSB7Il6psNNbZIC%2FKdZMWZT98V2quTKKc1zIZg%2FDMGarYAE6lrKSxJVp9cHBLocTGp6Jk94FhFBrC1CN7bTUwCgm5BVLWdXKS81A01PA0oC6%2FGWUM4LQvLgqbdl2zdRGm9sZN68zwCYiBSQUvPhCNVHevJDacZTjJtfKu9MIO07cA0p0YkrySLKrKBifLOsk3kSWpO5PQwS8UmgUguxu0aLvk6OhfxKhcJpa%2Bd4YgSoY591MiEMcv2O7lU3CqwKbNkA6p4d%2F%2BnKZxcjBg66aHwLBYPATZNDfRjUPCJtxGRzm%2BiZVvAIlCTT7A0uuFauWa3KfWDmEUJTym8NoPgxBYVlfA1rqvxikuYLiscxkp4Vdx%2BKUq6WXwAdQmA02Rk6V0SLf4jLgREMzwq5O1NQHXrlFVoiTM0jVbdppBZkYVDdzTLVQQwxepyuakM%2FHqh0LTiG%2FdCl3ttXqTMHHuIToGD0iv9vJxiyUiy7Y1AOZ%2FabsXtX9Eo4QLW17RxkusZ%2FDt9j4unClY%2FV73SPSBVA6syRTVCmsqVdjBNYrktOaO6eWMtZRIudr2BRm0195zb1cck%2BptGjNC8ecKCll6qPxZbEDkgTAIVxjjrKUJhK0irHFPB%2FdvKARASEU7fvyvY3CF9QFL2nxiW%2FlNs5JxOuZgkIxR%2Fzmj8ybgp38O%2FH0wnRZvgTL%2BMLyyyMIGOrEBn9DZk2Ri7WaHEDWF0UintnUwfY23H%2B8n9%2BSyPFE0zgdczmF6YqV6deMbuAacndBRPj%2FS2LRRw1cuq3UGRU9od%2B8EZnVMzUMZmR1ggXtMbN8SSepcEfy1acT%2FYVSZrkp52Zc3EVXmQbfxun5F2Gbz4UrRMAnyIM5xyZCR%2BOmvm%2FOe0UBP7krEuyiDzVIHPtTbdduZZTwakEMLCYHl0Sa0X4Ccgqre6CyQ6PmKTVVwYcd1&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20250618T022927Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTY6KCKWDAD%2F20250618%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=e74db1c31df46310b262bcdea3ca8861269e87940ebf2a2b7a55cdc302dd4dbb&hash=b971d8534a60c0c982c4f14b0893e642397b1c0b58306ad8c6c5dbb648a4a3fa&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S1755599X23001143&tid=spdf-d7d59ad8-5d63-41f5-a11c-3a03993e86de&sid=14b8a1eb7498d34787591540b87a02ee8336gxrqb&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&rh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&ua=13025d5355575206070357&rr=95175bec4a05b5db&cc=id
Publisher
a Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal b Health School of the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal c UICISA: E/ESEnfC - Cluster at the Health School of Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal d CINTESIS – Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal e Academic Clinical Centre of Beira, Portugal f Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal g Active Ageing Competence Centre, Portugal h Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal i Centre for Mathematics of the University of Coimbra - CMUC, Portugal j CISeD – Research Centre in Digital Services, Instituto Polit´ecnico de Viseu, Portugal k Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, ˜ Portugal l UBI-Health Sciencies Reserarch Centre, Portugal m University Hospital Centre of Cova da Beira, Portugal n Santa Casa da Misericordia de Seia, Seia, Portugal o Nursing School of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Date
9 oktober 2023
Contributor
Fajar bagus W
Format
PDF
Language
Engkish
Type
Text
Website Item Type Metadata
Local URL
https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/276922/1-s2.0-S1755599X23X00068/1-s2.0-S1755599X23001143/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEJr%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIETIJPIcxenMR0DUOAyWkpU8HyYAZJ02D32%2F2HmNUYd8AiEApP%2BTvmHPTnE1ETwAhRCc90JFcHHmtBgSr8C7ocKbQJIqvAUIg%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARAFGgwwNTkwMDM1NDY4NjUiDDj4czSzpMQD2DYzQSqQBX7fdH4YGEqmijtGDgwYqv43P3lz4Dm7mUSshycDR3nW%2FsVhnc0ylNISisKd1XVCAjvGB6G70DYksVZoxYEDSHIPlGbksY07O7wvjpdsKmlqVwxJM06Fv%2FfXh0ZtUgn55DkqfFM5AfV3etLdc0oe4ni3JIfVXfRruzbKaRJw%2FDyfQzBIibs23da02KuiSB7Il6psNNbZIC%2FKdZMWZT98V2quTKKc1zIZg%2FDMGarYAE6lrKSxJVp9cHBLocTGp6Jk94FhFBrC1CN7bTUwCgm5BVLWdXKS81A01PA0oC6%2FGWUM4LQvLgqbdl2zdRGm9sZN68zwCYiBSQUvPhCNVHevJDacZTjJtfKu9MIO07cA0p0YkrySLKrKBifLOsk3kSWpO5PQwS8UmgUguxu0aLvk6OhfxKhcJpa%2Bd4YgSoY591MiEMcv2O7lU3CqwKbNkA6p4d%2F%2BnKZxcjBg66aHwLBYPATZNDfRjUPCJtxGRzm%2BiZVvAIlCTT7A0uuFauWa3KfWDmEUJTym8NoPgxBYVlfA1rqvxikuYLiscxkp4Vdx%2BKUq6WXwAdQmA02Rk6V0SLf4jLgREMzwq5O1NQHXrlFVoiTM0jVbdppBZkYVDdzTLVQQwxepyuakM%2FHqh0LTiG%2FdCl3ttXqTMHHuIToGD0iv9vJxiyUiy7Y1AOZ%2FabsXtX9Eo4QLW17RxkusZ%2FDt9j4unClY%2FV73SPSBVA6syRTVCmsqVdjBNYrktOaO6eWMtZRIudr2BRm0195zb1cck%2BptGjNC8ecKCll6qPxZbEDkgTAIVxjjrKUJhK0irHFPB%2FdvKARASEU7fvyvY3CF9QFL2nxiW%2FlNs5JxOuZgkIxR%2Fzmj8ybgp38O%2FH0wnRZvgTL%2BMLyyyMIGOrEBn9DZk2Ri7WaHEDWF0UintnUwfY23H%2B8n9%2BSyPFE0zgdczmF6YqV6deMbuAacndBRPj%2FS2LRRw1cuq3UGRU9od%2B8EZnVMzUMZmR1ggXtMbN8SSepcEfy1acT%2FYVSZrkp52Zc3EVXmQbfxun5F2Gbz4UrRMAnyIM5xyZCR%2BOmvm%2FOe0UBP7krEuyiDzVIHPtTbdduZZTwakEMLCYHl0Sa0X4Ccgqre6CyQ6PmKTVVwYcd1&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20250618T022927Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTY6KCKWDAD%2F20250618%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=e74db1c31df46310b262bcdea3ca8861269e87940ebf2a2b7a55cdc302dd4dbb&hash=b971d8534a60c0c982c4f14b0893e642397b1c0b58306ad8c6c5dbb648a4a3fa&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S1755599X23001143&tid=spdf-d7d59ad8-5d63-41f5-a11c-3a03993e86de&sid=14b8a1eb7498d34787591540b87a02ee8336gxrqb&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&rh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&ua=13025d5355575206070357&rr=95175bec4a05b5db&cc=id
Citation
Mauro Mota a,b,c,d,e,*
, Filipe Melo f,g
, Carla Henriques h,i,j
, Ana Matos h,i,j
,
Miguel Castelo-Branco e,k,l,m, Mariana Monteiro n
, Madalena Cunha b,c,e
,
Margarida Reis Santos d,f,o , “The relationship between acute pain and other types of suffering in
pre-hospital trauma victims: An observational study,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed July 17, 2025, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/9541.
pre-hospital trauma victims: An observational study,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed July 17, 2025, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/9541.