Effects of Direct and Indirect Factors on Attitude toward the COVID-19 Vaccine in Pregnant Women
Dublin Core
Title
Effects of Direct and Indirect Factors on Attitude toward the COVID-19 Vaccine in Pregnant Women
Subject
Attitude; COVID-19 vaccine; hesitancy; motivation; pregnant
women
women
Description
Background: The administration of the COVID-19 vaccine is facing resistance
from pregnant women, leading to a lower attitude toward vaccination uptake.
Previous studies have explored several factors that contributed to the issue.
However, no studies have investigated further the direct and indirect effects of
factors that simultaneously influence attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine in
pregnant women.
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of factors
that influence attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine (ACV) in pregnant women,
particularly hesitancy, motivation, and history of COVID-19 infection (HCI), and to
describe a pathway model that represents the effects.
Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 440 pregnant women living in
Bekasi and Pandeglang, Indonesia, in May–June 2022 using consecutive sampling
methods. This study employed the Motivations of Vaccination Questionnaire, the
Reasons for Hesitation Questionnaire, and the Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccine
Questionnaire. A path analysis was performed to calculate the data.
Results: Hesitancy had a more indirect effect (β=-0.270; p=0.00) than the direct
effect (β=-0.193; p=0.00) on ACV, whereas motivation had a more direct effect
(β=0.092; p=0.04) than the indirect effect (β=0.074; p=0.00). HCI acted as the
mediation variable because it could intercede with the effect of hesitancy on ACV
(β=-0.449; p=0.00). It indicated that HCI in pregnant women would lead to a
different approach to increasing ACV.
Conclusions: All studied factors had significant impacts on ACV, both directly
and indirectly. It is recommended that interventions be adjusted according to the
program’s purpose, with the aim of increasing motivation or reducing hesitancy.
from pregnant women, leading to a lower attitude toward vaccination uptake.
Previous studies have explored several factors that contributed to the issue.
However, no studies have investigated further the direct and indirect effects of
factors that simultaneously influence attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine in
pregnant women.
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of factors
that influence attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine (ACV) in pregnant women,
particularly hesitancy, motivation, and history of COVID-19 infection (HCI), and to
describe a pathway model that represents the effects.
Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 440 pregnant women living in
Bekasi and Pandeglang, Indonesia, in May–June 2022 using consecutive sampling
methods. This study employed the Motivations of Vaccination Questionnaire, the
Reasons for Hesitation Questionnaire, and the Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccine
Questionnaire. A path analysis was performed to calculate the data.
Results: Hesitancy had a more indirect effect (β=-0.270; p=0.00) than the direct
effect (β=-0.193; p=0.00) on ACV, whereas motivation had a more direct effect
(β=0.092; p=0.04) than the indirect effect (β=0.074; p=0.00). HCI acted as the
mediation variable because it could intercede with the effect of hesitancy on ACV
(β=-0.449; p=0.00). It indicated that HCI in pregnant women would lead to a
different approach to increasing ACV.
Conclusions: All studied factors had significant impacts on ACV, both directly
and indirectly. It is recommended that interventions be adjusted according to the
program’s purpose, with the aim of increasing motivation or reducing hesitancy.
Creator
Dora Samaria1
, Desmawati Desmawati1
, Lima Florensia1
, Desmawati Desmawati1
, Lima Florensia1
Source
https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v13i2.51935
Date
25 August 2023
Contributor
PERI IRAWAN
Format
PDF
Language
ENGLISH
Type
TEXT
Files
Collection
Citation
Dora Samaria1
, Desmawati Desmawati1
, Lima Florensia1, “Effects of Direct and Indirect Factors on Attitude toward the COVID-19 Vaccine in Pregnant Women,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed February 21, 2026, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/11189.