Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in rapidly progressing cardiac amyloidosis a literature review based on case report

Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in rapidly progressing cardiac amyloidosis a literature review based on case report

Cardiovascular imaging, Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, Amyloidosis, Restrictive cardiomyopathy,
Heart failure

Abstract
Introduction Cardiac amyloidosis is a rarely reported and potentially fatal variant of the systemic disease. Its early
diagnosis could potentially lead to significantly improved clinical outcomes.

Case presentation A 56-year-old female presented with dyspnea and palpitations. Her physical exam and non-
invasive evaluation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) revealed restrictive cardiomyopathy, and the

bone marrow biopsy results showed systemic amyloidosis.
Discussion The diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis is not always straightforward, and delay can cause the progression
of the disease and an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, cardiac
magnetic resonance imaging, and histopathologic evaluation are the main methods for diagnosing cardiac
amyloidosis. The treatment consists of controlling heart failure symptoms and disease-modifying interventions,
including medical and surgical therapeutic methods.
Clinical learning point (conclusion) Cardiac involvement is the main cause of death in systemic amyloidosis. Early
suspicion, diagnosis, and treatment are crucial in improving patients’ survival. CMRI can play an essential role in the
diagnosis of cardiac Amyloidosis. A graphical abstract is provided for visual summary.

Nahid Senobari1

, Roozbeh Nazari1

, Pouya Ebrahimi2*, Hamidreza Soleimani2

, Maryam Taheri2*, Kaveh Hosseini2
,

Homa Taheri3

and Robert J. Siegel3

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-024-00750-x

2024

Peri Irawan

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