Behavioural observation tool for patient involvement and collaboration in emergency care teams (PIC-ET-tool)

Behavioural observation tool for patient involvement and collaboration in emergency care teams (PIC-ET-tool)

Emergency care, Professional-patient relations, Patient participation, Behaviour observation instrument,
Instrument development

Background Patient participation is advocated in various healthcare settings. Instruments for assessment and feedback have been developed to strengthen clinician-patient interaction. In an emergency department context, such
instruments are still missing.
The study aimed to develop and test an observation tool for emergency teams’ behaviour regarding patient involvement and collaboration.
Methods The development of the behavioural observation tool followed a systematic approach. The tool’s content
was based on various data sources, i.e., published literature, interview and observational data, and expert consensus.
An international expert panel reviewed the content and the rating scale and rated its importance for patient involvement and collaboration in a Delphi process. The feasibility and reliability of the tool were tested by trained observers
using video recordings of simulated emergencies. Intraclass correlation (ICC) and Kappa-statistics were performed to
test the tool’s inter-rater reliability.
Results The PIC-ET tool, a 22-item observation instrument was developed in which patient involvement and collaboration behaviours are rated from ‘no’ to ‘high’ using behavioural anchors. Expert agreement was obtained after
three Delphi rounds on the tool content, the behavioural anchors and its importance for patient involvement and
collaboration.
The content validity was assessed as high, and the tool was found feasible for research. Overall inter-rater reliability
was fair (Kappa 0.52).
Conclusions A novel tool for assessing emergency teams’ behaviour regarding patient involvement and collaboration is introduced. The tool’s psychometric properties were fair to good. Further validation of the PIC-ET tool is recommended for more robust evidence. Future adaptation to diferent contexts and areas of use, as well as further validity
testing may be of value.

Hanna Dubois, Johan Creutzfeldt and Tanja Manser

BMC Emergency Medicine

(2023) 23:74

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