Critical incident experiences, related stress and support among Finnish
paramedics: A cross-sectional survey study
Dublin Core
Title
Critical incident experiences, related stress and support among Finnish
paramedics: A cross-sectional survey study
paramedics: A cross-sectional survey study
Subject
Emergency medical service
Paramedic
Critical incident
Traumatic stress
Coping
Nurse retention
Paramedic
Critical incident
Traumatic stress
Coping
Nurse retention
Description
Introduction: Paramedics work in diverse, demanding prehospital settings. We examined the prevalence of critical
incident (CI) experiences, critical incident stress (CI-S), and CI-S association with the intention to leave the
paramedic profession, as well as the needed and received support for CI-S among Finnish paramedics.
Methods: In 2022, n = 427 Finnish paramedics from eight different organizations responded to a modified
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Critical Incident Stress Inventory and reported the CIs experienced during
their EMS careers and the related CI-S within the last six months. Statistical analyses were stratified by gender.
Results: All the listed 31 CIs had been experienced by the Finnish paramedics, and the experiences increased with
work experience, especially among men. CI-S had wide variation, seemed to increase with work experience, and
was mainly not associated with the intention to leave the profession. Support for coping with CI-S was most often
received from colleagues, then from family members, friends, and to some extent, managers.
Conclusions: Because of the inherent nature of the demands and features of the paramedic work, experiencing CIs
is unavoidable. Examining effective coping strategies, organizational support, and managerial practices are
needed to support highly skilled paramedics in their demanding work.
incident (CI) experiences, critical incident stress (CI-S), and CI-S association with the intention to leave the
paramedic profession, as well as the needed and received support for CI-S among Finnish paramedics.
Methods: In 2022, n = 427 Finnish paramedics from eight different organizations responded to a modified
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Critical Incident Stress Inventory and reported the CIs experienced during
their EMS careers and the related CI-S within the last six months. Statistical analyses were stratified by gender.
Results: All the listed 31 CIs had been experienced by the Finnish paramedics, and the experiences increased with
work experience, especially among men. CI-S had wide variation, seemed to increase with work experience, and
was mainly not associated with the intention to leave the profession. Support for coping with CI-S was most often
received from colleagues, then from family members, friends, and to some extent, managers.
Conclusions: Because of the inherent nature of the demands and features of the paramedic work, experiencing CIs
is unavoidable. Examining effective coping strategies, organizational support, and managerial practices are
needed to support highly skilled paramedics in their demanding work.
Creator
Hilla Nordquist a,b,c,*
, Anne Kouvonen b,d
, Anne Kouvonen b,d
Source
https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/276922/1-s2.0-S1755599X23X00068/1-s2.0-S1755599X23001064/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEJv%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIEr4T%2Bto%2Fkx5Eh8Jjt7N8m1FFcVFp5Q8niQIvvZaLue5AiEA5Rxz66HDnufXarVMmEV1I49KcZFERhoJY74U121FH7MquwUIg%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARAFGgwwNTkwMDM1NDY4NjUiDLbIdfmv17CFBZ3Z7SqPBZi3iIJtUCEUKwHwyWxzSXUW8PErWQ3ToLHA9fe8CmugIxtZqBhiztqQOiZAMEt8qiIPtFib1zLAOvTkL0tiGEL4KM4n6fNxt4%2B32bt0R2DBoc2fw12tMfAbouM%2F%2F%2F79kI5EwSDWsPlBXtAXX6%2F2XGwov6BKh1Mq8XIyB0PnX56Fp0A0ToMK3N9uIIlC5mCJbzLmev%2BW3l6%2BBk7ww6U%2BkFFRKz5Z%2F37XqW59Tcdp1BavyyPg1580T9btlhBXYRe6z8r30PKEA1jU%2FvaxJjS89ftMCzoGwFy9qUW%2BDNpjKpqIvJeA7S4kn7PYxk187Ocj12rpyY5PMD439Ftba9mWqtfMBQO2lK%2FVB5siG5ThBa7RwIcJwr7cSicf1ceRRiEiD3b%2F6V2mOOfIH1uRvONx9wb0CYZXSdiwxBhajq1fAJovQ1IG2ItzLRrKcDSh%2BRJGMp2%2BIhqVKGnhSM1leN2JJJCrmKzLTGC8f%2FfTznX1HmZNanFF2CAy1KquxrFzos2BYBOB4IpYP2GspXE7OtLn8OQPZ9Lozj0vCNOSsFwTscS9jA%2FSoS1CHPTZ1xFrvkoO%2Bfbph%2F5EgLDzAGoQBjn82FpzigRodhXg22yIyhimFuW2yAv%2F2CsGXiYfxArzLLbIPK1xjlFe4fFfE3bmOnWIdJE5Oftlsnq676uTYZrP%2FaZeJVcEa5%2Fk5a6hmLf2LKuIDOArH9A98jkYnn71hAn9wiTguyvmF6DJdy1bev13S7rCI6PXlIX%2BrPEsZU6xBoB%2FwOD4xuD9BVw4S8hJ%2BpBcaWxYoP2OKpDs2WMItdXwHTlXqvKaqAzJd%2Bz4KU8Al0wBZC7fGOOK5AHYQy2pMFV438vNZNT9Z3b2s2HO2UDcvDQw7r3IwgY6sQHQSmSGWES2MfDVt5aiHsnIkhTMkDGhWMngshlhZsrYBHdLVk4lJISC3yMoAznPDRiQOEBD6n311tnsPgmCFSy1ExA%2BYdU6e1M2zktpcD29ALa4PKgkbrYlq2DGBprLWsAr6QAg%2BHmKjgXkw8BFT8fjJb%2FrvtCR32k3CGykAtGvEP0T4VLS%2BhiTjs0uFefOqerN3PvZ%2Fs11Q77YL8on%2Fn%2BOTpT%2Buv9BfzRliC8CQmspeuc%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20250618T022922Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTY2FCOKKDN%2F20250618%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=25f55626ae4ae1912b3e099581b01d4e48e926e98552818847bd932ef1ae14c2&hash=7d73980c182dbdd2a4d740cb5a653aabb5eb25387ca3e967dc295ce448360cf7&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S1755599X23001064&tid=spdf-21043cf2-4419-447b-94a5-134a3ee6c9b2&sid=14b8a1eb7498d34787591540b87a02ee8336gxrqb&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&rh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&ua=13025d5355575206010601&rr=95175bcfbfc7b5db&cc=id
Publisher
a South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Kotka, Finland b Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland c Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland d Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
Date
23 september 2023
Contributor
Fajar bagus W
Format
PDF
Language
English
Type
Text
Website Item Type Metadata
Local URL
https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/276922/1-s2.0-S1755599X23X00068/1-s2.0-S1755599X23001064/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEJv%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIEr4T%2Bto%2Fkx5Eh8Jjt7N8m1FFcVFp5Q8niQIvvZaLue5AiEA5Rxz66HDnufXarVMmEV1I49KcZFERhoJY74U121FH7MquwUIg%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARAFGgwwNTkwMDM1NDY4NjUiDLbIdfmv17CFBZ3Z7SqPBZi3iIJtUCEUKwHwyWxzSXUW8PErWQ3ToLHA9fe8CmugIxtZqBhiztqQOiZAMEt8qiIPtFib1zLAOvTkL0tiGEL4KM4n6fNxt4%2B32bt0R2DBoc2fw12tMfAbouM%2F%2F%2F79kI5EwSDWsPlBXtAXX6%2F2XGwov6BKh1Mq8XIyB0PnX56Fp0A0ToMK3N9uIIlC5mCJbzLmev%2BW3l6%2BBk7ww6U%2BkFFRKz5Z%2F37XqW59Tcdp1BavyyPg1580T9btlhBXYRe6z8r30PKEA1jU%2FvaxJjS89ftMCzoGwFy9qUW%2BDNpjKpqIvJeA7S4kn7PYxk187Ocj12rpyY5PMD439Ftba9mWqtfMBQO2lK%2FVB5siG5ThBa7RwIcJwr7cSicf1ceRRiEiD3b%2F6V2mOOfIH1uRvONx9wb0CYZXSdiwxBhajq1fAJovQ1IG2ItzLRrKcDSh%2BRJGMp2%2BIhqVKGnhSM1leN2JJJCrmKzLTGC8f%2FfTznX1HmZNanFF2CAy1KquxrFzos2BYBOB4IpYP2GspXE7OtLn8OQPZ9Lozj0vCNOSsFwTscS9jA%2FSoS1CHPTZ1xFrvkoO%2Bfbph%2F5EgLDzAGoQBjn82FpzigRodhXg22yIyhimFuW2yAv%2F2CsGXiYfxArzLLbIPK1xjlFe4fFfE3bmOnWIdJE5Oftlsnq676uTYZrP%2FaZeJVcEa5%2Fk5a6hmLf2LKuIDOArH9A98jkYnn71hAn9wiTguyvmF6DJdy1bev13S7rCI6PXlIX%2BrPEsZU6xBoB%2FwOD4xuD9BVw4S8hJ%2BpBcaWxYoP2OKpDs2WMItdXwHTlXqvKaqAzJd%2Bz4KU8Al0wBZC7fGOOK5AHYQy2pMFV438vNZNT9Z3b2s2HO2UDcvDQw7r3IwgY6sQHQSmSGWES2MfDVt5aiHsnIkhTMkDGhWMngshlhZsrYBHdLVk4lJISC3yMoAznPDRiQOEBD6n311tnsPgmCFSy1ExA%2BYdU6e1M2zktpcD29ALa4PKgkbrYlq2DGBprLWsAr6QAg%2BHmKjgXkw8BFT8fjJb%2FrvtCR32k3CGykAtGvEP0T4VLS%2BhiTjs0uFefOqerN3PvZ%2Fs11Q77YL8on%2Fn%2BOTpT%2Buv9BfzRliC8CQmspeuc%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20250618T022922Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTY2FCOKKDN%2F20250618%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=25f55626ae4ae1912b3e099581b01d4e48e926e98552818847bd932ef1ae14c2&hash=7d73980c182dbdd2a4d740cb5a653aabb5eb25387ca3e967dc295ce448360cf7&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S1755599X23001064&tid=spdf-21043cf2-4419-447b-94a5-134a3ee6c9b2&sid=14b8a1eb7498d34787591540b87a02ee8336gxrqb&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&rh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&ua=13025d5355575206010601&rr=95175bcfbfc7b5db&cc=id
Citation
Hilla Nordquist a,b,c,*
, Anne Kouvonen b,d
, “Critical incident experiences, related stress and support among Finnish
paramedics: A cross-sectional survey study,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed June 18, 2025, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/9539.
paramedics: A cross-sectional survey study,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed June 18, 2025, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/9539.