Association Between Flexible Work Arrangement and Sleep Problems
Among Paid Workers: Using 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey
Dublin Core
Title
Association Between Flexible Work Arrangement and Sleep Problems
Among Paid Workers: Using 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey
Among Paid Workers: Using 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey
Subject
Circadian rhythm
Flexible work
Korean Working Conditions Survey
KWCS
Sleep disorders
Flexible work
Korean Working Conditions Survey
KWCS
Sleep disorders
Description
As social distancing persists and interest in work-life balance grows, more companies are
adopting flexible work policies. While there have been studies on sleep disorders associated with
different types of work, such as shift work, research exploring the relationship between flexible work
schedules and sleep disorders is still limited, particularly among Korean workers.
Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey, focusing on
31,243 paid workers out of a total of 50,538 participants. We defined flexible workers as those who set their
own working hours. Sleep disorders were divided into three categories: ‘difficulty falling asleep,’ ‘frequent
waking during sleep,’ and ‘waking up feeling exhausted and fatigued.’ Using scores derived from three specific
symptoms, the Minimal Insomnia Symptoms Scale (MISS) was calculated to assess the prevalence of insomnia.
We used chi-square tests to analyze demographic and job-related differences. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify any relationship between flexible work schedules and sleep disorders.
Results: Significant differences were found between flexible and non-flexible workers regarding age,
income level, education level, and job type. Flexible workers reported sleep-related symptoms significantly more often. The odds ratio for insomnia was 1.40 (95% CI 1.21e1.61). For males, the odds ratio was
1.68 (1.36e2.08).
Conclusion: This study establishes a correlation between flexible work schedules and sleep disorders
among Korean salaried workers. Potential causes could include changes in circadian rhythm, increased
work demands, and extended working hours. To precisely determine causality and associated diseases,
further research is required.
adopting flexible work policies. While there have been studies on sleep disorders associated with
different types of work, such as shift work, research exploring the relationship between flexible work
schedules and sleep disorders is still limited, particularly among Korean workers.
Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey, focusing on
31,243 paid workers out of a total of 50,538 participants. We defined flexible workers as those who set their
own working hours. Sleep disorders were divided into three categories: ‘difficulty falling asleep,’ ‘frequent
waking during sleep,’ and ‘waking up feeling exhausted and fatigued.’ Using scores derived from three specific
symptoms, the Minimal Insomnia Symptoms Scale (MISS) was calculated to assess the prevalence of insomnia.
We used chi-square tests to analyze demographic and job-related differences. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify any relationship between flexible work schedules and sleep disorders.
Results: Significant differences were found between flexible and non-flexible workers regarding age,
income level, education level, and job type. Flexible workers reported sleep-related symptoms significantly more often. The odds ratio for insomnia was 1.40 (95% CI 1.21e1.61). For males, the odds ratio was
1.68 (1.36e2.08).
Conclusion: This study establishes a correlation between flexible work schedules and sleep disorders
among Korean salaried workers. Potential causes could include changes in circadian rhythm, increased
work demands, and extended working hours. To precisely determine causality and associated diseases,
further research is required.
Creator
Eunseun Han 1,2
, Yongho Lee 1,2
, Sanghyuk Lee 1,2
, Shinhyeong Kim 1,3
, Seunghon Ham 1,4
,
Wanhyung Lee 5
, Won-Jun Choi 1,4
, Seong-Kyu Kang
, Yongho Lee 1,2
, Sanghyuk Lee 1,2
, Shinhyeong Kim 1,3
, Seunghon Ham 1,4
,
Wanhyung Lee 5
, Won-Jun Choi 1,4
, Seong-Kyu Kang
Source
https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/287282/1-s2.0-S2093791124X00025/1-s2.0-S2093791123000951/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjED0aCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIAbNdTqYV83oc0U8%2B9E8bqm7OHR65YYA5483ktmeS4U1AiEAiYHq9VtOS69yBHL1Gm%2BsfHFFnw7RtlSTecBqC07AerUqsgUIBhAFGgwwNTkwMDM1NDY4NjUiDJBxoomNuHeAsnopKSqPBTy53wg3Gup2rZibwSAQ6NSjoQOZ%2Bsz8NqOf4lJ7yQLWTrpVldKAnXYWwHWXHQmVe4UUVUnlJu8h%2FLuJnhHPbRK3Yms4rect7Ask%2Fal5TiOF8clB9ck7pj3eGiu1aJXHinKJchH6V3FnHg82RA42g2rVdLg3n32rX5OaUvTOKqhi8ObyXqCe4UUlys7znDnb5wHkvHMNPePanrwd3w2%2FocdgiVzgMC69C%2BV4DveJHhpkAcv3sgrAPrtkfosMw7AmXrwRmeBj0hzNAOiF7XxZ1gMan1I%2FRR83v48ErmfRM886lMPkgjyG4lAMinvu3OxKs1L3rGW7u7Ycn2Wge4gdAHwUaUSX48YvyIBzPoRdiToG0FimhjcrBRWwJcEp8dwBoWsRSG4uZA0lTypCOdm8Swp0WOOHyYSmJ9sOnJFyUOSJT9E9Mj%2BsTQJcvx%2Br%2Fz1tWUPfh3v6yuzSFRYNHf7Bj3e2%2B2fnb4J5qxethCgmLatyfq1wMxqxeFG2PQCQ%2BiPIWPg41J5v4XkO9s8U%2BtQSNxFlp0T3mTcwGg9w2h8vyN%2FabwH1OpyHqGojNXHubpN8SXhy7k1%2FRuwnOz48NLNF57OUoYsR95dLaeWZYZl4WbvSiBXnAZxMQLjuMj%2BTxIRpJt8GseUs2mS7mCr8ngDt4tREtvRpC7Ko%2FNJKIIVd8lmPEyoxou5mCqK9UYsLRPtiRwccAOiLDLgJMX52Gca6uZ4jVje7zcjI%2F6V4oPfOiffY73TsHXF25VxmfFvr60EVd3K1CE0NZst8aV2Mfivtv4g5TZFAPpeVLx0zeraEe6GAF6yfkUx2AK0S11YSOhmZlV2jT8n8VWhBsdWHqZCrzHVdsYVK1BHkZLI58ixsp1Qw7f%2F5zAY6sQEKp2T6e7HJjf50WXAYXVShWv5TuMdf3YPce37oj919KmnrH61YkF9j4boV7Mq3YErvlHiw%2BHc30lOuYeFLvKJhkHDsXoA17guSPxeEVscrwJHFCNfrKc1qQVlCRIXxkbMxpC1L56jRS84j6oYqru%2BjP0n%2FP%2BtKBdVsZju7UpM68HiRA2rySr7G%2FzwPDZfIlb4%2FLYVTsXVmSspxA2GT7J1urq3k4TwrjaNI7bRNPmhefyU%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20260225T060242Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTY655G3T6Y%2F20260225%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=cdfd0fa7dd70bff05d184e869791abdc4ee3dd586f1064cfed0df00d635dd765&hash=4949356bdf41f3f6066107857bab3114c93cbd7aae70f5ced93853edcfc0f7fb&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S2093791123000951&tid=spdf-e39f18e7-1304-4b97-8783-3f9ace9302b3&sid=323f66de8e4980408c0be7b-7fe7e7fe55f2gxrqb&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&rh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&ua=0b015e065456070203&rr=9d34fecf2db1ea76&cc=id
Publisher
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
2Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
3Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
4Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
5Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 06973, Seoul, Republic of Korea
2Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
3Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
4Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
5Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 06973, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Date
10 January 2024
Contributor
FAJAR BAGUS W
Format
PDF
Language
ENGLISH
Type
TEXT
Files
Citation
Eunseun Han 1,2
, Yongho Lee 1,2
, Sanghyuk Lee 1,2
, Shinhyeong Kim 1,3
, Seunghon Ham 1,4
,
Wanhyung Lee 5
, Won-Jun Choi 1,4
, Seong-Kyu Kang, “Association Between Flexible Work Arrangement and Sleep Problems
Among Paid Workers: Using 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed April 26, 2026, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/11657.
Among Paid Workers: Using 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed April 26, 2026, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/11657.