Confronting whiteness through virtual humans: a review
of 20 years of research in prejudice and racial bias using
virtual environments
Dublin Core
Title
Confronting whiteness through virtual humans: a review
of 20 years of research in prejudice and racial bias using
virtual environments
of 20 years of research in prejudice and racial bias using
virtual environments
Subject
virtual environments, whiteness, racial bias, systematic review, virtual reality, avatars
Description
Virtual environments (VEs) provide novel ways for users to experience computer generated people and places, which can be used by researchers
to examine and reduce racial bias. However, unless researchers consider the systemtic structures of racial inequities when designing their simu-
lations, they may unintentionally create experiences that could prime or entrench racist beliefs or attitudes. A critical Whiteness framework
guides this systematic review of 20 years of prejudice and bias reduction research in VEs. Of the 68 articles, findings indicated that virtual experi-
ences are a promising tool in anti-bias interventions. Future research must expand to more longitudinal, behaviorally focused studies while priori-
tizing predictive theoretical models and meaningfully reflecting on inclusive practices within the broader bias reduction space. We discuss best practices for future research in anti-bias and anti-prejudice in VEs.
to examine and reduce racial bias. However, unless researchers consider the systemtic structures of racial inequities when designing their simu-
lations, they may unintentionally create experiences that could prime or entrench racist beliefs or attitudes. A critical Whiteness framework
guides this systematic review of 20 years of prejudice and bias reduction research in VEs. Of the 68 articles, findings indicated that virtual experi-
ences are a promising tool in anti-bias interventions. Future research must expand to more longitudinal, behaviorally focused studies while priori-
tizing predictive theoretical models and meaningfully reflecting on inclusive practices within the broader bias reduction space. We discuss best practices for future research in anti-bias and anti-prejudice in VEs.
Creator
Haley R. Hatfield,, Sun Joo (Grace) Ahn1,Matthew Klein1 , Kristine L. Nowak
Source
https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmac016
Date
15 July 2022
Contributor
PERI IRAWAN
Format
PDF
Language
ENGLISH
Type
TEXT
Files
Collection
Citation
Haley R. Hatfield,, Sun Joo (Grace) Ahn1,Matthew Klein1 , Kristine L. Nowak, “Confronting whiteness through virtual humans: a review
of 20 years of research in prejudice and racial bias using
virtual environments,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed October 31, 2025, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/8637.
of 20 years of research in prejudice and racial bias using
virtual environments,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed October 31, 2025, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/8637.